| Phu Tho province Tỉnh Phú Thọ |
|
|---|---|
| — Province — | |
| Xuan Son National Park | |
| Nickname(s): Affluence | |
| Location of Phú Thọ within Vietnam | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Region | Northeast |
| Capital | Việt Trì |
| Government | |
| • People's Council Chair | Ngô Đức Vượng |
| • People's Committee Chair | Nguyễn Doãn Khánh |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,528.1 km2 (1,362.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
| • Total | 1,364,700 |
| • Density | 386.8/km2 (1,001.8/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnicities | Vietnamese, Mường, Dao, Sán Chay |
| Time zone | ICT (UTC+7) |
| Calling code | 21 |
| ISO 3166 code | VN-68 |
| Website | phutho.gov.vn |
Phú Thọ () is a province in northeastern Vietnam. The province's name derives from Sino-Vietnamese (Hán Tự: 富壽) and its capital is Viet Tri City, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) away from Hanoi and50 kilometres (31 mi) from the Noi Bai International Airport.[1] The province covers an area of 3528.1 square kilometres and as of 2008 it had a population of 1,364,700 people.[2]
The historicity of the province is linked to the 18 Hung Kings who are credited with building the nation of Van Lang.
The province because of its strategic location is known as the West Gate of Hanoi. Its location is at the confluence of two large rivers namely, the Red River and Da River; this province links the northern provinces of Red River Delta with the country’s mountainous provinces and also the two China’s provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan.
The Xuan Son National Park, established on February, 2002, is located in the province about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Viet Tri City. The park covers an area of15,048 hectares (37,180 acres), with over 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) of natural forests and1,396 hectares (8,670 mi) of limestone-mountain forests.
Phu Tho is one of the poorest areas of Vietnam with the poorest households earning below US$ 6 per person per month. Tea, as a industrial crop is important to the economy of the province.
Kings Hung temple complex, located on Nghia Linh Mountain, 175 kilometres (109 mi) by sea level, in Viet Tri City, is a complex of majestic architecture enclosing the Ha Temple (built in the 15th century), the Thien Quang Pagoda, the Gieng Temple, Trung and Thuong temples, and King Hung's Tomb.
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The history of the area is traced to Den Hung (Hung Temple), located on the Nghia Linh Mountain, which is taken as evidence of the historicity of the province and the 18 Hung Kings who are credited with building the nation of Van Lang. Hence, the province is considered the first state of Vietnam, with Phong Chau as its capital. This historical lineage has made this province the ancestral land of Vietnam. There are many festivals in the province linked to this history.[3]
In December 1999, Nguyen Thi Thuy, the leader of an unregistered Protestant house church in the province, was sentenced to one year in prison for "interfering with an officer doing his duty", which caused some religious controversy in the province.[4]
The area of the province is 3,528.1 square kilometres (1,362.2 sq mi), lying between 20°55 to 21°43 North latitude and 104°48 to 105°27 East longitude. Located in the centre of northern Vietnam, it is situated at the head of a triangular formation of the Red River Delta in the northern mountainous region. It is delimited by the provinces of Tuyên Quang and Yen Bai in the north, Son La and Hoa Binh in the west, Ha Tay to the south, and Hà Giang and Vinh Phuc on the east. All these provinces are connected to Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Phú Thọ Province because of its strategic location is often called the West Gate of Hanoi. Its location is at the confluence of two large rivers namely, the Red and Da Rivers; this province links the northern provinces of the Red River Delta with the country’s mountainous provinces and also the two Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan.[1]
Phu Tho is located in the sub tropical monsoonic region. The province has recorded average temperature of 23.5 °C (74.3 °F); the highest temperature and the lowest temperatures recorded have been 29 °C (84 °F) (July) and 15 °C (59 °F) February) respectively. The average rainfall varies between 1,600 millimetres (63 in) and 1,800 millimetres (71 in). Humidity values are high during the monsoon season from May to October with the annual average figure of 85%; in the dry season it goes below 80 %. Precipitation is in the form of rainfall, most of it falling during the monsoon period. Most of the rain falls in August, and less in January. Most of the rain usually falls between April and September.[1]
Three large rivers flow through the province namely the Red River, the Lo River, and the Da River; total length of these three river systems is 200 km through the province and the area drained is 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi). The annual surface water resources in the province in its river systems has been assessed as 42 billion cubic meters. The major rivers contributing to this flow are the Red River: 3860 m3/s, the Lo River: 1170 m3/s with recorded lowest flows of Lowest flow: Red River: 872 m3/s in Red River, 307 m3/s in the Lo River. Ground water resources is assessed at 40–50 m3/hour in the valley plains and 10 m3/hour in the hilly terrain; its quality has been stated to be good There are three big rivers running through the province, which are Hong river, Da river and Lo river. All those rivers ensure a plentiful source of water serving daily life as well as industrial purposes. flood and natural disasters are rare in the province.[1]
The mineral resources recorded in the Phu Tho Province are: Kaolin, feldspar, spirit ores, stone and gravel sand for construction and mineral water.[1]
The Xuan Son National Park, located in Xuan Son Commune, Thanh Son District, Phu Tho Province was established on February, 2002. It is located approximately 80 km from Viet Tri City. The park covers an area of 15,048 hectares (37,180 acres), with over11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) of natural forests and 1,396 hectares (3,450 acres) of limestone-mountain forests.[5] The park is biologically rich with some 465 species of upper plants and 282 species of fauna, including 23 species of amphibians, 30 species of reptiles, 168 species of birds and 61 species of mammals.[5] Rarer species, such as Tibetan bears, cheetahs, white pheasants, gray gibbons, cobras are common in the park.[5] The highest points of the park are Mount Voi (1,387m), Mount Ten (1,244m) and Mount Can (1,144m).[5] There are extensive grottoes and caves[6] running 7–8 km inside these mountains; they contain large populations of bats.
Phú Thọ is divided into one city (thành phố) (Việt Trì) , one township (thị xã) (Phú Thọ) and 11 districts (huyện): Cẩm Khê District, Đoan Hùng District, Hạ Hòa District, Lâm Thao District, Phù Ninh District, Tam Nông District, Tân Sơn District, Thanh Ba District, Thanh Sơn District, Thanh Thủy District and Yên Lập District.[7] These are divided into 275 communes.
| Name | Division type | Population (2003) | Area (km²) | Towns (huyện lỵ or thị trấn) (bold) and communes (xã) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Việt Trì | City (thành phố) | 134,664[8] | 71 [8] | Wards (phường):Bạch Hạc, Thanh Miếu, Thọ Sơn,Tiên Cát, Nông Trang,Vân Cơ, Bến Gót, Gia Cẩm, Tân Dân, Dữu Lâu, Minh Nông, Minh Phương, Vân Phú. Communes: Thuỵ Vân, Phượng Lâu, Sông Lô, Trưng Vương, Hy Cương, Chu Hoá, Thanh Đình, Hùng Lô, Kim Đức, Tân Đức. |
| Phú Thọ | Township (thị xã) | 63,333[8] | 64[8] | Wards (phường): |
| Cẩm Khê District | District (huyện) | 128,537[8] | 234.2 [8] | Sông Thao, Cát Trù, Cấp Dẫn, Chương Xá, Điêu Lương, Đồng Cam, Đồng Lương, Hiền Đa, Hương Lung, Ngô Xá, Phú Khê, Phú Lạc, Phùng Xá, Phương Xá, Phượng Vĩ, Sai Nga, Sơn Nga, Sơn Tình, Tam Sơn, Tạ Xá, Thanh Nga, Thụy Liễu, Tiên Lương, Tình Cương, Tùng Khê, Tuy Lộc, Văn Bán, Văn Khúc, Xương Thịnh, Yên Dưỡng, Yên Tậρ |
| Đoan Hùng District | District (huyện) | 105,242 [8] | 302[8] | Đoan Hùng, Đông Khê,Nghinh Xuyên,Hùng Quan,Vân Du,Chí Đám,Hữu Đô,Đại Nghĩa,Phú Thứ,Hùng Long,Vụ Quang,Minh Phú,Chân Mộng,Vân Đồn,Minh Tiến,Tiêu Sơn,Yên Kiện,Sóc Đăng,Ngọc Quan,Phong Phú,Phương Trung,Tây Cốc,Ca đình,Phúc Lai,Quế Lâm,Bằng Luân, Bằng Doãn,Minh Lương |
| Hạ Hòa District | District (huyện) | 108,556[8] | 340[8] | Hạ Hòa, Lệnh Khanh, Cáo Điền, Ấm Hạ,Phương Viên,Hậu Bổng, Đại Phạm,Đan Hà, Gia Điền, Y Sơn, Yên Luật, Lang Sơn, Chính Công, Yên Kỳ, Mai Tùng,Liên Phương,Hà Lương, Hương Xạ, Vụ Cầu, Minh Hạc, Vĩnh Chân, Phụ Khánh, Đan Thượng, Minh Côi, Văn Lang, Vô Tranh,Bằng Giã, Chuế Lưu, Xuân Áng, Lâm Lợi, Quân Khê, Hiền Lương, Động Lâm. |
| Lâm Thao District | District (huyện) | 106,610[8] | 115[8] | Lâm Thao, Hùng Sơn, Xuân Huy, Thạch Sơn,Tiên Kiên, Sơn Vi, Hợp Hải, Kinh Kệ,Bản Nguyên,Vĩnh Lại, Tứ Xã,Sơn Dương,Xuân Lũng, Cao Xá. |
| Phù Ninh District | District (huyện) | 114,048[8] | 167[8] | Phong Châu, Trạm Thản, Tiên Phú, Liên Hoa, Vĩnh Phú, Trung Giáp, Bảo Thanh, Trị Quận, Hạ Giáp, Gia Thanh,Phú Nham, Phú Lộc, Tiên Du, Phù Ninh,An Đạo, Tử Đà,Bình Bộ, Phú Mỹ, Lệ Mỹ. |
| Tam Nông District | District (huyện) | 82,370[8] | 156[8] | Hưng Hóa, Hùng Đô, Quang Húc, Hiền Quan,Thanh Uyên, Tam Cường,Văn Lương, Cổ Tiết, Hương Nộn, Thọ Văn, Dị Nậu, Dậu Dương, Thượng Nông, Hồng Đà, Phương thịnh, Tề Lễ, Tứ Mỹ, Xuân Quang, Hương Nha,Vực Trường. |
| Tân Sơn District | District (huyện) | 75,897 | 688.6 | |
| Thanh Ba District | District (huyện) | 109,806 [8] | 194[8] | Thanh Ba, Đồng Xuân,Lương Lỗ, Hanh Cù, Yển Khê, Vũ Yển,Phương Lĩnh, Mạn Lạn,Hoàng Cương, Thanh Xá, Chí Tiên, Sơn Cương, Đỗ Sơn, Thanh Hà, Đông Thành, Khải Xuân, Võ Lao, Quảng Nạp,Ninh Dân,Yên Nội,Thái Ninh, Đông Lĩnh,Đại An, Năng Yên, Đỗ Xuyên,Thanh Vân,Vân Lĩnh. |
| Thanh Sơn District | District (huyện) | 187,700[8] | 1309 [8] | Thanh Sơn, Sơn Hùng, Địch Quả, Giáp Lai, Thục Luyện, Võ Miếu, Thạch Khoán, Cự Thắng, Tất Thắng, Văn Miếu, Cự Đồng,Thắng Sơn, Tân Minh, Hương Cần, Khả Cửu, Tân Lập,Đông Cửu, Yên Lãng, Yên Lương, Thượng Cửu, Lương Nha,Yên Sơn, Tinh Nhuệ. |
| Thanh Thủy District | District (huyện) | 76,330[8] | 124[8] | Thanh Thủy, Xuân Lộc, Thạch Đồng, Tân Phương, La Phù, Bảo Yên, Đoan Hạ, Sơn Thủy ( Son Vi, Thuy Tram, Phu Lao), Hoàng Xá, Trung Thịnh, Đồng Luận, Trung Nghĩa, Phượng Mao, Yến Mao, Tu Vũ and Đào Xá. |
| Yên Lập District | District (huyện) | 79,548[8] | 437[8] | Yên Lập, Mỹ Lung, Mỹ Lương,Lương Sơn, Xuân An,Xuân Viên,Xuân Thủy, Hưng Long,Thượng Long,Nga Hoàng, Trung Sơn, Đồng Thịnh, Phúc Khánh, Ngọc Lập, Ngọc Đồng, Minh Hòa, Đồng Lạc. |
The province has one town municipality, ten rural districts, five precincts, nine district-level towns and 181 communes.[9]
According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Phú Thọ Province as of 2008 was 1,364,700 with a density of 387 persons per square kilometre over a total land area of 3,528.1 square kilometres (1,362.2 sq mi). It is one of the least populated provinces in the northern midlands and mountain areas of Vietnam.[10] The male population at this time was 660,200[11] with females accounting for 704,500.[12] The rural population was 1,146,700 against an urban population of 218,000 (about 20% of the rural population).[13][14] The average population density is 3,706 per km2 except Viet Tri City, where it is 21,042 per km2.
Ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh), Mường, Dao and Sán Chay are the dominant ethnic groups which live in the province.
The Dao people build their houses in the traditional style, built either on stilts, level with the ground or half on stilts and the other half beaten with earth.[6] Du village, located within the Xuan Son National Park contains an overwhelming majority of this ethnic group is a tourist attraction. The Dao are noted for their delicacies such as sticky-rice packed cakes and cooked chicken.[6]
Phu Tho is one of the poorest areas of Vietnam; the poorest households earn below US$ 6 per person per month.[15] As of 1997, the provincial economy was roughly evenly split at 33% of the workforce working in agriculture, industry and in services respectively. In the period during 1990-1995, the annual increase rate in income 72%. The city of Việt Trì (population 181,123 (2009)) is the headquarters of many companies and groups active in the province and contains many of the industrial firms and service industries.[1]
In agriculture, tea is important to the economy and is the main industrial crop.[15] In the mid-19th century, French were responsible for establishing tea industry in Vietnam, particularly in Pho Tho province and they had established three research stations to promote tea plantations. 33,000 acres (13,000 ha) were reportedly cultivated in Vietnam, till 1945. During the World War II, the tea gardens were deserted and post war development of tea industry restarted with assistance from other tea producing countries. Russians and Japanese also chipped in with this process. Vietnam Government established a Tea Development Incorporation.[16] The total planted area was estimated at 8,400 hectares (21,000 acres) in 2001, (7,200 hectares (18,000 acres) in 1997), around 9% of the cultivated area of the province.[15] The province has an annual production of 31,000 tons of fresh tea (7,000 tons of dry tea), although between 1998 and 2001 there was an annual rise of 8% due to the increase in area and yield.[15] As of 2002, the annual production was estimated at 100,000 tons of dry tea, tea consumption stood at 20,000 tons a year and 80,000 tons were exported.[15] Over 15,000 families in the province are involved in tea production.[15]
The French agency Agence Française de Développement (AFD) are active in the province and have financed a tea production development program for villages in eight of the province’s districts and aims contribute to the economic development of rural populations and improve their living conditions. Under AFD investment, (8.5 million euro grant from France) some3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) of new plantations will be created and existing plantations will be improved in yields and efficiency. 3000 families were expected to benefit from this project.[15] The project has also facilitated improvements in infrastructure in some 115 km of existing routes.[15][16] The Vietnamese government’s has a development strategy for the period 2001-2010 which aims to improve the output and income of the provincial economy, aiming to double its GDP, increase exports fourfold and strengthen the socialist market economy.
Some of the relevant economics statistics related the agriculture and industries sectors are given below.
As against the national figure of 273 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery cooperatives there are 100 cooperatives, of which 96 are agricultural cooperatives and three are fisheries cooperatives.[17] The number of cooperatives is 100 as against 7592 cooperatives in the country.[18]
There are only 192 farms (last reported in 2002) as against the national number of 120,699.[19]
The Output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 1686.6 billion đồngs against the national value of 156,681.9 billion dongs.[20]
The province produced 280,300 tonnes of cereals as against the national production of 421.3 million tonnes.[21]
The per capita production of cereals in the district was 308.7 kilograms (681 lb) as against the national figure of 501.8 kilograms (1,106 lb) in 2007.[22] The province is also known for its grapefruit, palm oil, cassava, freshwater fish, caught in the Red River and rice.
In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 11705.1 billion dongs against the national output of 1.47 million billion dongs.[23]
Hung temple (Den Hung) is a national historical location where the Vietnamese give their respects to King Hung because of his contributions to the country 4000 years ago.
Kings Hung temple is located on Nghia Linh Mountain, 175 meters by sea level, Viet Tri City. It is a complex of in majestic architectures that encloses the Ha Temple, the Thien Quang Pagoda, the Gieng Temple, Trung and Thuong temples, and King Hung's Tomb. Ha temple was built in the 15th century and is approached from the Dai Mon Gate. There is also a 700-year-old tree in front of this temple. The legend narrated to this temple is that Au Co gave birth to 100 children. Her husband Lac Long Quan, led 50 of his children to the coastal region and settled them to propagate his race. However, Au Co took 49 children up to the mountainous area. The eldest among these children was Hung Vuong who became King and established the country Van Lang and made Phong Chau its capital.[3]
The Thuong Temple is approached from Trung Temple over a pathway, which has 102 brick steps. The kings worshipped the Sun God, the Earth God, the Rice God, and Saint Dong, a legendary hero who defeated the ancient Chinese Dynasty. At this temple location, in the 18th King Hung handed over the reins of his kingdom to Thuc Phan. Thuc Phan established a memorial stone pillar and took an oath that he would maintain the temple and also the inheritance of the Hung's family.[3]
King Hung Tomb is the tomb of the 6th King Hung. It is said that the 6th King Hung, after defeating the intruders to his country, removed his dress and hung them on the branch of the kim giao tree. He soon after died right at that location.[3]
Gieng Temple (Well Temple) is at the foot of the mountain where 18th Hung King’s daughters Ngoc Hoa and Tien Dung, worshipped. They used their reflection in the water surface of the well to manicure their hair.[3]
A festival known as 'Hung Temple Festival' is held from 8th to the 11th day of the third lunar month with the main festival being held the 10th day in Nghia Linh Mountain, Hy Cuong Commune, Viet Tri City and in Phu Tho Province. At this festival, 18 generations of Hung Kings are worshipped for establishing the then Van Lang State, which is now the predecessor country of the present day Vietnam. It is celebrated with lot of pomp and show as a love and pride of their homeland and ancestral land, when all the descendents of the Hung Kings gather for the festivities in which the state officials also take part. A grand procession of 100 young men and women in their traditional costumes, symbolizing children of the 'Dragon and Fairy' is held. The procession is followed by a Xoan singing performance (folk songs of Vinh - Phu region) in the Thuong Temple; a classical opera known as ca tru is held in Ha Temple. Other festivities include bamboo swings, nem con (throwing a sacred ball through the ring), cham thau (beating bronze drums) and dam duong (pounding rice).[3]
Education and training system is well established in the province. Hung Vuong University, Continuous Education Centers of the province and at all districts, Transformatic and Language Center and other colleges and vocational schools are the institutions which contribute richly to the educational standards of the province. They help in generating the required well-trained and skilled workers.[1]
There are 542 schools (8779 classes) with a total of 304,326 pupils, and four high schools totalling 30,221 pupils. There are also three colleges and one pre-university.
The province is very well connected by roads, rail, air and water transport systems that connect with all regions in Vietnam, which has facilitated its economic growth.[1]
The important road system consist of the National Highway No.2, Yunnan – Kunming express highway route that runs from Yunnan province of China through Tuyen Quang and Phu Tho provinces to Noi Bai International Airport of Hanoi; it continues as National Highway No. 5 to Haiphong and National Highway No.18 links to Cai Lan port of Quang Ninh province. The National Highway 32A, which runs from Hanoi traverses through Phu tho and terminates in Hoa Binh. National Highway 32C, also from Hanoi, passes through Phu Tho to Yen Bai and eventually enters Laos. The Tran-Asian road and the Ho Chi Minh Trail also pass through the province.[1]
Trans-Asia railway line runs from Yunnan to Hanoi and goes through Lao Cai and Phu Tho provinces. This is connected with the Hanoi – Haiphong and Hanoi – Ho Chi Minh City railways. The railway connects to the two industrial zones of Thuy Van and Bach Ha.[1]
Viet Tri city in the province is an important river port. It is at the confluence of the three major rivers that flow from China through this province in Vietnam. This waterway, as the main water transport route in the province, has a total length of 235 kilometres (146 mi). Viet Tri River port is one of largest river ports in Vietnam and has an annual capacity of 1 million tonnes.[1]
The electricity system and grid lines in the province are very stable. All of the local districts are connected to the national electricity network, which covers the entire province.[1]
The Viet Tri city, capital of the province and its suburbs are provided with safe drinking water from a plant, which has a capacity of 42,000 m3/day. The plant uses German technology.[1]
Postal and telecommunication utilities and services are very well established for both domestic and international communication.[1]
| Yen Bai province | Tuyen Quang province | |||
| Son La province | Vinh Phuc province | |||
| Phu Tho province | ||||
| Hoa Binh province | Ha Noi |
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